🔬 Science · Organisms & Life Processes

Pathogens & the Immune System

Explain how pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) cause disease and describe how the immune system responds, including the roles of white blood cells (phagocytosis, antibody production) and the concept of immunity

Typical age: 12–14 years

“If your child got a cold, could they explain what type of pathogen caused it, how the immune system tries to fight it off, and why a vaccine for flu won't protect you from all colds?”

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Cells to Organ Systems
The immune response involves specialised cells within organ systems (blood, lymph nodes)
Single-Celled OrganismsREQUIRED
Pathogens are microorganisms — understanding unicellular life forms provides the foundation for understanding how pathogens work

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