📚 English · Phonics & Word Reading
Single Letter Sounds
Know the primary sound for each consonant and the short and long sounds for the five major vowels; respond speedily to single-letter graphemes
Typical age: 4–6 years
“Can your child look at a letter and quickly say its sound — like 's' makes /s/, 'a' can make a short /a/ as in 'apple' or a long /ā/ as in 'cake'?”
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- Consonant DigraphsREQUIRED
Must know single letters before digraphs
- R-Controlled Vowel SoundsREQUIRED
Must know single letter sounds before r-controlled vowels
- Segmenting words into soundsREQUIRED
Need GPC knowledge to encode phonemes
- Vowel DigraphsREQUIRED
Must know single letter sounds before vowel digraphs
- Blending Sounds to Read WordsREQUIRED
Need GPC knowledge to blend
- Alternative Spellings for Known SoundsREQUIRED
Must know single letter sounds before learning alternatives
- Alternative Spellings for SoundsREQUIRED
Must know basic letter-sound correspondences before alternative spellings