🔢 Mathematics · Multiplication & Division

Long multiplication

Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using formal written methods including long multiplication; illustrate with area models

Typical age: 9–10 years

“Can your child work out something like '2,346 × 7' or '43 × 28' using the formal column method — setting it out carefully and working through all the steps?”

0 / 3 mastered

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Needs first

Written MultiplicationREQUIRED
2/3-digit × 1-digit written method is prerequisite to 4-digit × 1-digit and 2-digit × 2-digit
Area and the distributive property
Area models for distributive property support understanding long multiplication layout

Unlocks next

Fractions on a number line (age 9+)
Long multiplication with area models connects situations to visual and symbolic representations
Division with remaindersREQUIRED
Must have formal multiplication method before solving multi-step problems
Long multiplication (age 10+)REQUIRED
Long multiplication 4×2 extends Y5 multiplication up to 4×1 and 2×2